Amabhange aphezulu ayi-10 emhlabeni ngo-2022

Igcine ukubuyekezwa ngoSepthemba 7, 2022 ngo-12:53 pm

Lapha ungabona Uhlu Lwamabhange Aphezulu Ayi-10 emhlabeni ngeNgeniso onyakeni wakamuva. Iningi lamabhange amakhulu livela ezweni laseChina lilandelwa yi-United States.

Amabhange angu-5 kwangu-10 aphezulu emhlabeni avela e-china. I-ICBC iyibhange elikhulu futhi elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni.

Uhlu lwamabhange aphezulu ayi-10 emhlabeni ngo-2020

Ngakho-ke nalu Uhlu Lwamabhange Aphambili Ayi-10 emhlabeni onyakeni ahlungwa ngokusekelwe Emalini Engenayo

1. Ibhange Lezimboni Nezohwebo laseShayina

IBhange Lezezimboni Nezohwebo LaseShayina lasungulwa mhla lu-1 kuMasingana 1984. Mhla zingama-28 kuMfumfu wezi-2005, iBhangengodla lahlelwa kabusha laba yinkampani elinganiselwe yamasheya. Ngomhla zingama-27 kuMfumfu wezi-2006, iBhangengodla lafakwa ohlwini ngempumelelo kukho kokubili i-Shanghai Stock Exchange kanye neThe Stock Exchange yaseHong Kong Limited.

Ngomzamo walo oqhubekayo kanye nentuthuko ezinzile, iBhangengodla selithuthuke laba yibhange elihamba phambili emhlabeni, linesizinda samakhasimende esihle kakhulu, uhlaka lwamabhizinisi ahlukene, amakhono aqinile okuqamba kanye nokuncintisana kwezimakethe.

• Imali engenayo: $135 Billion
• Yakha: 1984
• Amakhasimende: 650 Million

IBhangengodla libheka isevisi njengesisekelo sokufuna intuthuko futhi libambelele ekudaleni inani ngezinsizakalo kuyilapho linikeza uhla olubanzi lwemikhiqizo yezezimali kanye nezinsizakalo kumakhasimende ezinkampani ayizinkulungwane eziyisi-8,098 kanye namakhasimende angama-650 million.

IBhangengodla belilokhu liqaphela ukuhlanganisa izibopho zomphakathi namasu alo okuthuthukisa kanye nokusebenza kanye nemisebenzi yokuphatha, futhi lizuza ukuqashelwa kabanzi emikhakheni yokuthuthukisa ezezimali ezihlanganisayo, ukusekela okuhlosiwe ukuqeda ubuphofu, ukuvikela imvelo kanye nezinsiza kanye nokubamba iqhaza ezenzweni zezenhlalakahle zomphakathi.

IBhangengodla lihlale liwukhumbula umgomo walo oyisisekelo wokusebenzela umnotho wangempela ngebhizinisi eliyinhloko, kanye nomnotho wangempela elichumayo, liyahlupheka futhi liyakhula. Ukuthatha indlela esekelwe engcupheni futhi ingalokothi yeqe iphuzu elibalulekile, ihlale ithuthukisa amandla ayo okulawula nokunciphisa ubungozi.

Ngaphandle kwalokho, iBhangengodla lisamile ekuqondeni nasekulandeleni imithetho yebhizinisi lamabhange okuhweba ukuze alwele ukuba yibhange elineminyaka eyikhulu ubudala. Iphinde ihlale izibophezele ekufuneni inqubekela phambili ngokuqamba okusha ngenkathi igcina uzinzo, ithuthukisa ngokuqhubekayo isu le-mega tekutsengisa, ukuphathwa kwempahla enkulu, ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kwamabhange kanye nentuthuko yamazwe ngamazwe nephelele, futhi yamukela ngenkuthalo i-inthanethi. IBhangengodla liletha izinsiza eziyisipesheli ngokungaguquki, futhi livula indlela yebhizinisi eliyisipesheli, ngaleyo ndlela libe “yingcweti emabhange amakhulu”.

IBhangengodla likleliswe endaweni yokuqala phakathi Kwamabhange Omhlaba Aphezulu ayi-1 yi-The Banker, likleliswe endaweni yokuqala ku-Global 1000 esohlwini lweForbes futhi lahamba phambili ohlwini oluncane lwamabhange ezentengiselwano e-Global 1 in Fortune unyaka wesikhombisa ilandelana. indawo yokuqala phakathi kwe-Top 2000 Banking Brands of Brand Finance unyaka wesine olandelanayo.

2. JPMorgan Chase

I-JPMorgan Chase (NYSE: JPM) ingesinye sezikhungo zezezimali ezindala kunazo zonke e-United States. Ngomlando osukela eminyakeni engama-200. I-JP Morgan Chase iyibhange lesibili ngobukhulu namakhulu emhlabeni ngokusekelwe emalini engenayo.

Le nkampani yakhelwe esisekelweni sezikhungo ezandulele ezingaphezu kuka-1,200 eziye zahlangana phakathi neminyaka ukuze zakhe inkampani yanamuhla.

• Imali engenayo: $116 Billion
• Yakha: 1799

Ibhange liqale ngo-1799 eDolobheni laseNew York, futhi amafemu ethu amaningi amagugu ahlanganisa i-JP Morgan & Co., The Chase Manhattan Bank, Bank One, Manufacturers Hanover Trust Co., Chemical Bank, The First National Bank of Chicago, I-National Bank of Detroit, i-The Bear Stearns Companies Inc.,

U-Robert Fleming Holdings, i-Cazenove Group kanye nebhizinisi elitholwe ku-Washington Mutual transaction. Ngayinye yalezi zinkampani, ngesikhathi sayo, yayixhumene kakhulu nezinto ezintsha kwezezimali kanye nokukhula kwe-US kanye nomnotho womhlaba.

3. I-China Construction Bank Corporation

I-China Construction Bank Corporation, enekomkhulu e-Beijing, iyinkampani ehamba phambili kwezohwebo ibhange eChina. Umanduleli walo, i-China Construction Bank, yasungulwa ngo-Okthoba 1954. Yafakwa ohlwini lwe-Hong Kong Stock Exchange ngo-Okthoba 2005 (ikhodi yesitoko: 939) kanye ne-Shanghai Stock Exchange ngo-September 2007 (ikhodi yesitoko: 601939).

Ekupheleni kuka-2019, imali yemakethe yeBhange ifinyelele ezigidini ezingama-US $217,686, ikleliswe endaweni yesihlanu kuwo wonke amabhange asohlwini emhlabeni. IQembu likleliswe endaweni yesibili phakathi kwamabhange omhlaba nge-Tier 1 capital.

• Imali engenayo: $92 Billion
• Indawo yasebhange: 14,912
• Yakha: 1954

IBhange lihlinzeka amakhasimende ngezinsiza ezibanzi zezimali, okuhlanganisa ukubhanga komuntu siqu, ukubhanga kwezinkampani, ukutshalwa kwezimali kanye nokuphathwa kwengcebo. Njengoba inezitolo zamabhange eziyi-14,912 kanye nabasebenzi abangu-347,156, iBhangengodla lisebenzela amakhulu ezigidi zamakhasimende awo siqu nawezinkampani.

IBhangengodla linezinkampani ezingaphansi emikhakheni eyahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukuphathwa kwesikhwama, ukuqashisa ngezimali, ukuthembela, umshwalense, ikusasa, impesheni kanye namabhange okutshalwa kwezimali, futhi linamabhizinisi angaphezu kuka-200 aphesheya ahlanganisa amazwe nezifunda ezingama-30.

Ngokuhambisana nombono webhizinisi “eligxile emakethe, eligxile kumakhasimende”, iBhange lizibophezele ekuzithuthukiseni libe yiqembu lamabhange asezingeni lomhlaba elinekhono eliphezulu lokudala inani eliphezulu.

IBhangengodla lizama ukuzuza ukulingana phakathi kwezinzuzo zesikhathi esifushane nezesikhathi eside, naphakathi kwezinhloso zebhizinisi kanye nezibopho zomphakathi, ukuze lenyuse inani lababambe iqhaza okuhlanganisa amakhasimende, abaninimasheya, abalingani kanye nomphakathi.

I-4. I-Bank of America

I-“Bank of America” yigama lokumaketha lebhizinisi lamabhange omhlaba kanye nezimakethe zomhlaba ze-Bank of America Corporation. I-BOA iphakathi kohlu lwamabhange aphezulu ayi-10 emhlabeni.

Ukubolekwa kwemali, okuphuma kokunye, neminye imisebenzi yasebhange yezentengiselwano yenziwa emhlabeni jikelele izinkampani zamabhange ze-Bank of America Corporation, okuhlanganisa i-Bank of America, NA, Ilungu le-FDIC.

• Imali engenayo: $91 Billion

Izibambiso, izeluleko zamasu, neminye imisebenzi yasebhange yokutshalwa kwezimali yenziwa emhlabeni jikelele yizinkampani ezisebenzisana namabhange okutshalwa kwezimali ze-Bank of America Corporation (“Investment Banking Affiliates”), okuhlanganisa, e-United States, BofA Securities, Inc., Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & I-Smith Incorporated, kanye ne-Merrill Lynch Professional Clearing Corp., bonke abangabadayisi ababhalisiwe namalungu e-SIPC, futhi, kwezinye izindawo, yizinhlangano ezibhaliswe endaweni.

I-BofA Securities, Inc., Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated kanye ne-Merrill Lynch Professional Clearing Corp. babhaliswe njengabathengisi bekhomishini yesikhathi esizayo ne-CFTC futhi bangamalungu e-NFA.

Imigomo yenkampani iyisifiso futhi ayiqinisekisi noma ithembisa ukuthi yonke imigomo izofezwa. Izibalo namamethrikhi afakwe kumadokhumenti ethu e-ESG ayahlawumbisela futhi angase asekelwe ekuqagelweni noma ekuthuthukisweni kwamazinga.

5. Ezolimo Ibhange laseChina

Ibhange elandulela leli bhange yi-Agricultural Cooperative Bank, elasungulwa ngo-1951. Kusukela ngasekupheleni kwawo-1970, iBhangengodla selishintshile lisuka ekubeni yibhange likahulumeni eliyisipesheli laba ibhange lezohwebo elingaphansi kukahulumeni ngokuphelele futhi kamuva laba yibhange lezohwebo elilawulwa uhulumeni.

IBhangengodla lahlelwa kabusha laba yinkampani ehlangene yezikweletu ezilinganiselwe ngamasheya ngo-January 2009. NgoJulayi 2010, iBhangengodla lafakwa ohlwini lwe-Shanghai Stock Exchange kanye ne-Hong Kong Stock Exchange, okuphawule ukuphothulwa kwenguquko yethu ekubeni ibhange lokuhweba elinamasheya omphakathi.

Njengenye yezinto ezinkulu ezihlanganisiwe abahlinzeki bezinsizakalo zezezimali e-China, IBhange lizibophezele ekwakheni iqembu lezinsizakalo zezezimali zesimanje elinemisebenzi eminingi nedidiyelwe. Ngokusebenzisa iphothifoliyo yalo ephelele yebhizinisi, inethiwekhi yokusabalalisa ebanzi kanye nenkundla ye-IT ethuthukisiwe, iBhangengodla lihlinzeka ngemikhiqizo namasevisi amabhange ezinkampani nezitolo ezithengisa amakhasimende amaningi futhi lenze imisebenzi yomgcinimafa kanye nokuphathwa kwempahla.

• Imali engenayo: $88 Billion
• Igatsha Lasekhaya: 23,670
• Yakha: 1951

Ububanzi bebhizinisi lasebhange buhlanganisa, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwebhange, ukuphathwa kwesikhwama, ukuqashisa ngezezimali kanye nomshwalense wempilo. Ekupheleni konyaka wezi-2015, iBhangengodla libe seliphelele izimpahla yezigidi ezingu-RMB17,791,393, imalimboleko kanye nentuthuko kumakhasimende ezigidi ezingu-RMB8,909,918 kanye namadiphozithi ezigidi ezingu-RMB13,538,360. I-Capital capital ratio yeBhange ibe ngu-13.40%.

IBhangengodla lizuze inethi inzuzo ka-RMB180, 774 wezigidi ngowezi-2015. IBhangengodla libe nezindawo zamagatsha zasekhaya eziyizi-23,670 ekupheleni konyaka wezi-2015, okuhlanganisa neHhovisi Lenhloko, uMnyango Wezamabhizinisi weNhlokohhovisi, amayunithi amathathu akhethekile amabhizinisi aphethwe yiNhloko-Hhovisi, amagatsha angama-37 asezingeni lokuqala ( okuhlanganisa amagatsha aphethwe ngqo yiNhlokohhovisi), amagatsha angama-1 asezingeni-362 (okuhlanganisa neminyango yezamabhizinisi yamagatsha ezifundazweni), amagatsha amancane ayizi-2 (okuhlanganisa neminyango yezamabhizinisi komasipala, iminyango yezamabhizinisi yamagatsha aphethwe ngqo yiNdlunkulu kanye iminyango yezamabhizinisi yamagatsha esigaba-3,513), izikhungo zamagatsha ezisezingeni eliyisisekelo eziyi-1, nezinye izikhungo ezingama-2.

Amagatsha ebhange aphesheya kwezilwandle abenamagatsha ayisishiyagalolunye aphesheya kwezilwandle namahhovisi amathathu amele phesheya kwezilwandle. IBhangengodla linezinkampani ezingaphansi eziyishumi nane ezinkulu ezihlanganisa izinkampani ezingaphansi eziyisishiyagalolunye zasekhaya kanye nezinhlanu zaphesheya kwezilwandle.

IBhangengodla lifakwe ohlwini lwamabhange abalulekile emhlabeni wonke iminyaka emibili ilandelana kusukela ngo-2014. Ngo-2015, iBhangengodla lakleliswa kunombolo-36 ku-Global 500 ye-Fortune, futhi lakleliswa kunombolo 6 ohlwini lwe-The Banker “Top 1000 World Banks” ngokwemibandela. ye-tier 1 capital.

Izilinganiso zezikweletu zabakhiphi beBhange banikezwe i-A/A-1 yi-Standard & Poor's; izilinganiso zediphozithi zeBhange zinikezwe i-A1/P-1 yi-Moody's Investors Service; kanye nezilinganiso ezizenzakalelayo zokukhipha isikhathi eside//ezifushane zabelwa i-A/F1 yi-Fitch Ratings.

I-6. Ibhange laseChina

I-Bank of China iyiBhange elisebenza isikhathi eside kunawo wonke phakathi kwamabhange aseShayina. IBhangengodla lasungulwa ngokusemthethweni ngoFebhuwari 1912 kulandela ukugunyazwa kukaDkt. Sun Yat-sen.

Kusukela ngo-1912 kuya ku-1949, iBhange lisebenze ngokulandelana njengebhange elikhulu lezwe, ibhange lokuhwebelana lamazwe ngamazwe kanye nebhange elikhethekile lokuhwebelana lamazwe ngamazwe. Lifeza ukuzibophezela kwalo ekusebenzeleni umphakathi nasekuthuthukiseni umkhakha wezinsizakalo zezezimali waseShayina, iBhangengodla linyukele esikhundleni esiphambili embonini yezezimali yaseShayina futhi laba nokuma okuhle emphakathini wezezimali wamazwe ngamazwe, naphezu kobunzima obuningi nezingqinamba.

Ngemuva kuka-1949, ithathela emlandweni wayo omude njengebhange eliqokwe uhulumeni elikhethekile lokuhwebelana namazwe angaphandle, iBhangengodla laba nomthwalo wemfanelo wokuphatha imisebenzi yokuhwebelana yaseShayina futhi lanikeza ukusekelwa okubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kohwebo lwangaphandle kanye nengqalasizinda yezomnotho ngokunikela ngesivumelwano sokuhwebelana kwamanye amazwe. , ukudluliswa kwezimali zaphesheya kanye nezinye izinsiza zokushintshisana zamazwe angaphandle okungezona ezohwebo.

Ngesikhathi sezinguquko kanye nesikhathi sokuvulwa kweShayina, iBhangengodla libambe ithuba eliyingqophamlando elivezwe yisu likahulumeni lokusebenzisa izimali zakwamanye amazwe kanye nobuchwepheshe obuthuthukile ukuze kuthuthukiswe umnotho, futhi laba ngumgudu oyinhloko wezwe wokuxhasa ngezimali kwamanye amazwe ngokwakha izinzuzo zalo zokuncintisana ebhizinisini lokuhwebelana kwamanye amazwe. .

• Imali engenayo: $73 Billion
• Yakha: 1912

Ngo-1994, iBhangengodla laguqulwa laba ibhange lezohwebo elingaphansi kukahulumeni ngokuphelele. Ngo-Agasti 2004, i-Bank of China Limited yasungulwa. IBhangengodla lafakwa ohlwini lwe-Hong Kong Stock Exchange kanye ne-Shanghai Stock Exchange ngoJuni noJulayi 2006 ngokulandelana, laba yibhange lokuqala laseShayina lezentengiselwano ukwethula i-A-Share kanye ne-H-Share umnikelo wokuqala womphakathi futhi lizuze ukufakwa kuhlu okumbaxambili kuzo zombili izimakethe.

Ngemva kokusebenzela i-Beijing 2008 Olympic Games, iBhangengodla laba nguzakwethu wasebhange osemthethweni we-Beijing 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games ngo-2017, okwenza kwaba ukuphela kwebhange e-China ukusebenzisa imidlalo emibili yama-Olympics. Ngo-2018, iBhange LaseShayina liphinde laqokwa njengeBhange Lomhlaba Obaluleke Kakhulu, ngaleyo ndlela laba ukuphela kwesikhungo sezezimali esivela emnothweni osafufusa esizoqokwa njengeBhange Lomhlaba Elibaluleke Kakhulu iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili ilandelana.

Njengebhange laseShayina elixube umhlaba wonke nelididiyelwe kakhulu, iBhange LaseShayina linenethiwekhi yesevisi yomhlaba wonke esungulwe kahle enezikhungo ezisungulwe ezweni lonke laseShayina kanye nasemazweni nasezifundeni ezingu-57.

Isungule inkundla yesevisi edidiyelwe esekelwe ezinsikeni zamabhange ayo ezinkampani, amabhange omuntu siqu, izimakethe zezimali kanye namanye amabhizinisi amabhange okuhweba, ahlanganisa amabhange okutshalwa kwezimali, ukutshalwa kwezimali okuqondile, izibambiso, umshwalense, izimali, ukuqashiswa kwezindiza nezinye izindawo, ngaleyo ndlela inikeze amakhasimende anebanga elibanzi lezinsizakalo zezezimali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-BOCHK kanye negatsha le-Macau basebenza njengamabhange asekhaya akhipha amanothi ezimakethe zabo.

IBhange laseShayina liwugcizelele umoya “wokuphishekela ubuhle” kuwo wonke umlando walo weminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu. Ngokuhlonishwa kwesizwe emphefumulweni waso, ubuqotho njengomgogodla waso, uguquko kanye nokuqamba okusha njengendlela yaso eya phambili futhi “abantu kuqala” njengomgomo walo oyisiqondiso, iBhangengodla lizakhele igama elihle kakhulu eliqashelwa kabanzi embonini kanye nasemibhalweni yayo. amakhasimende.

Njengoba libhekene nesikhathi samathuba omlando empumelelo enkulu, njengebhange elikhulu lezentengiselwano eliphethwe uhulumeni, iBhangengodla lizolandela i-Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, liqhubeke linika amandla intuthuko ngobuchwepheshe, liqhubekisele phambili intuthuko ngokusungula izinto ezintsha, ukusebenza ngoguquko kanye nokuthuthukisa amandla ngokwenza izinguquko, emzamweni wokwakha i-BOC ibe yibhange elisezingeni lomhlaba enkathini entsha.

Izofaka isandla esikhulu ekuthuthukiseni umnotho owenziwe ngendlela yesimanje kanye nasemizameni yokufeza Iphupho LaseShayina Lokuvuselela izwe kanye nezifiso zabantu zokuphila impilo engcono.

I-7. Ama-HSBC Holdings

I-HSBC ingenye yezinhlangano ezinkulu zamabhange nezinkonzo zezezimali emhlabeni. Sisebenzela amakhasimende angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-40 ngamabhizinisi ethu omhlaba: I-Wealth and Personal Banking, I-Commerce Banking, kanye ne-Global Banking & Marketing. Inethiwekhi yethu ihlanganisa amazwe nezindawo ezingama-64 eYurophu, e-Asia, eMpumalanga Ephakathi nase-Afrika, eNyakatho Melika naseLatin America.

• Imali engenayo: $56 Billion
• Amakhasimende: 40 Million

Le nkampani ihlose ukuba lapho ukukhula okukhona, ixhumanisa amakhasimende namathuba, ivumele amabhizinisi ukuthi athuthuke futhi umnotho uphumelele, futhi ekugcineni isize abantu ukufeza amathemba abo futhi bafeze izifiso zabo. I-Brand iphakathi kohlu lwamabhange ayi-10 ahamba phambili emhlabeni.

Kusohlwini lwezabelo zamasheya zaseLondon, Hong Kong, New York, Paris naseBermuda, amasheya e-HSBC Holdings plc aphethwe abanikazi bamasheya ababalelwa ku-197,000 emazweni nasezindaweni eziyi-130.

8. I-BNP Paribas

Imodeli yebhizinisi ye-BNP Paribas edidiyelwe futhi ehlukahlukene isekelwe ekubambisaneni phakathi kwamabhizinisi eQembu kanye nokuhlukahluka kwezingozi. Le modeli inikeza iQembu ukuzinza okudingekayo ukuze livumelane noshintsho futhi linikeze amaklayenti izixazululo ezintsha. Iqembu lisebenzela amaklayenti acishe abe yizigidi ezingama-33 emhlabeni jikelele kumanethiwekhi ayo okudayisa kanye ne-BNP Paribas Personal Finance inamakhasimende asebenzayo angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-27.

• Imali engenayo: $49 Billion
• Amakhasimende: 33 Million

Ngokufinyelela kwethu emhlabeni jikelele, imigqa yethu yebhizinisi edidiyelwe kanye nobungcweti obufakazelwe, Iqembu lihlinzeka ngohlu olugcwele lwezixazululo ezintsha ezivumelaniswe nezidingo zamakhasimende. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izinkokhelo, ukuphatha ukheshi, ukuxhasa ngezimali okungokwesiko nokukhethekile, ukonga, umshwalense wokuvikela, ingcebo nokuphathwa kwempahla kanye nezinkonzo zezindlu ezithengiswayo. 

Emkhakheni wezamabhange ezinkampani kanye nezikhungo, iQembu linikeza amakhasimende izixazululo eziqondile ezimakethe ezinkulu, izinsizakalo zezokuphepha, ukuxhaswa ngezimali, umgcinimafa kanye nokwelulekwa kwezezimali. Njengoba ikhona emazweni angama-72, i-BNP Paribas isiza amakhasimende ukuthi akhule emhlabeni jikelele.

9. I-Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group

Inkampani izobizwa nge-“Kabushiki Kaisha Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group” futhi
izobizwa ngesiNgisi ngokuthi “Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc. (ngemuva kwalokhu kubizwa ngokuthi “Inkampani”).

• Imali engenayo: $42 Billion

I-MUFG ilawula izindaba zezinkampani ezingaphansi kwayo eqenjini kanye nebhizinisi leqembu lilonke kanye nawo wonke amabhizinisi ahambisanayo. Ibhange liphakathi kohlu lwamabhange ayi-10 ahamba phambili emhlabeni.

10. I-Credit Agricole Group

I-Crédit Agricole SA yenza ingcebo yemibhalo yomlando itholakale kubacwaningi bezemfundo. Izingobo zayo zomlando zivela kuzo zonke izinhlangano manje ezakha Iqembu: Caisse Nationale de Crédit Agricole, Banque de l'Indochine, Banque de Suez et de l'Union des mines, Crédit Lyonnais, nokuningi.

• Imali engenayo: $34 Billion

Izingobo Zomlando ze-Crédit Agricole SA zivulwa ngokuqokwa kuphela, e-72-74 rue Gabriel Péri e-Montrouge (umugqa we-Metro 4, esiteshini sase-Mairie de Montrouge). I-CAG iphakathi kohlu lwamabhange amakhulu ayi-10 eMhlabeni ngokusekelwe kwi-Turnover.

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Ngakho ekugcineni lawa uhlu lwamabhange aphezulu ayi-10 amakhulu emhlabeni ngokususelwa kuNgeniso.