Robinhood Markets, Inc: Complete Corporate Profile

Quick Facts / Company Snapshot

• Company Name: Robinhood Markets, Inc.
• Stock Ticker: HOOD (Nasdaq Global Select Market)
• Headquarters: 85 Willow Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025
• Founding Year: 2013
• Founders: Vladimir Tenev and Baiju Bhatt
• Mission: To democratize finance for all
• Total Net Revenues (2024): $2.951 billion
• Net Income (2024): $1.411 billion
• Total Assets (2024): $26.187 billion
• Assets Under Custody (AUC): $192.9 billion
• Funded Customers: 25.2 million
• Investment Accounts: 26.2 million
• Gold Subscribers: 2.64 million
• Average Revenue Per User (ARPU): $122
• Net Deposits (2024): $50.5 billion
• Employees: Approximately 2,300 full-time employees
• Key Subsidiary: Robinhood Financial LLC (Introducing Broker-Dealer)
• Key Subsidiary: Robinhood Securities, LLC (Clearing Broker-Dealer)
• Key Subsidiary: Robinhood Crypto, LLC (Cryptocurrency Trading)
• Auditor: Ernst & Young LLP

Company Overview

Robinhood Markets, Inc. is a modern financial services platform dedicated to the mission of democratizing finance for all. Founded in 2013, the company operates on the core belief that everyone should be welcome to participate in the financial system, regardless of their wealth, income, or background. Robinhood utilizes technology to provide access to the financial system through a simple, convenient, and intuitive interface designed to empower customers to achieve their goals.

The company pioneered the commission-free stock trading model in the United States, disrupting the industry by removing account minimums and making investing culturally relevant for a new generation. Robinhood’s platform is mobile-first, designed to be elegant and approachable, allowing millions of customers to enter the financial markets for the first time.

Robinhood operates under a set of core values that guide its aspirations and operations:

• Safety First: The company prioritizes safety, creating with care and obsessing over details without compromising regulatory requirements.
• Radical Customer Focus: Customers are at the center of decision-making, with a focus on solving pain points quickly and delivering simple user experiences.
• Participation Is Power: The company seeks to empower a new generation of investors, educating them and striving to make the financial industry more inclusive.
• One Robinhood: The team operates with a shared mission, fostering honesty, inclusion, and transparency while holding themselves accountable.
• High Performance: The culture is driven by impact, taking action to fix broken systems and rewarding top performance.
• First-Principles Thinking: The company challenges the status quo, making bold bets and questioning assumptions to find creative solutions.
• Lean and Disciplined: Robinhood pursues operational excellence, benchmarking performance to increase efficiency and deliver exceptional value.

Business Segments

Robinhood generates revenue through three primary categories: Transaction-Based Revenues, Net Interest Revenues, and Other Revenues. The company operates as a single operating segment, with resources allocated based on consolidated financial performance.

Transaction-Based Revenues

Revenue (2024): $1.647 billion Percentage of Total Revenue: 56%

This segment represents the consideration Robinhood receives from market makers in exchange for routing customer orders for execution. The company routes orders for options, cryptocurrencies, and equities to market makers, who pay rebates based on trade volume or spread.

• Options: This is the largest component of transaction-based revenue. Revenue is earned on a per-contract basis based on the underlying security. In 2024, Options revenue was $760 million, accounting for roughly 26% of total net revenues.
• Cryptocurrencies: Revenue in this sub-segment is derived from “Transaction Rebates,” calculated as a fixed percentage of the notional order value. In 2024, Cryptocurrencies revenue was $626 million, representing approximately 21% of total net revenues. This was a significant increase of 364% year-over-year.
• Equities: Fees for equities are typically based on the size of the publicly quoted bid-ask spread for the security being traded. In 2024, Equities revenue was $177 million, or approximately 6% of total net revenues.
• Other Transaction Revenues: This includes revenues from fractional share trading and other transaction-related activities. In 2024, this amounted to $84 million, or 3% of total net revenues.

Net Interest Revenues

Revenue (2024): $1.109 billion Percentage of Total Revenue: 38%

Net interest revenues consist of interest earned on interest-earning assets minus interest expenses. This segment is driven by the company’s ability to earn returns on customer assets and corporate cash.

• Margin Interest: Interest earned on loans provided to customers for purchasing securities. This generated $319 million in 2024.
• Segregated Cash and Securities: Interest earned on cash and securities segregated for regulatory purposes. This contributed $261 million in 2024.
• Corporate Cash and Investments: Interest income from the company’s own corporate cash holdings and investments totaled $256 million in 2024.
• Cash Sweep: Revenue earned from the program where uninvested brokerage cash is swept to partner banks. This generated $179 million in 2024.
• Securities Lending: Net revenue from lending user shares to third parties totaled $94 million in 2024.
• Credit Card: Net interest revenue from credit card receivables was $24 million in 2024.
• Interest Expense: The company incurred $24 million in interest expenses related to credit facilities.

Other Revenues

Revenue (2024): $195 million Percentage of Total Revenue: 7%

This segment includes subscription fees and revenue from auxiliary services.

• Robinhood Gold: Subscription fees from the premium Gold service are the primary driver here. In 2024, Gold subscription revenue was $109 million, representing 4% of total net revenues.
• Proxy Revenues: Revenue earned for facilitating proxy services, totaling $60 million in 2024.
• Miscellaneous: Other sources, including advertising revenue from Sherwood Media and ACATS fees, contributed $26 million in 2024.

History and Evolution

Robinhood was incorporated in Delaware on November 22, 2013. The company was founded on the premise that the financial system should be accessible to everyone, not just the wealthy.

Early Disruption (2013–2018): Robinhood launched with a revolutionary, bold brand and design. It became the first U.S. retail broker to offer commission-free stock trading with no account minimums. This model disrupted the industry and was subsequently adopted by major competitors. The company focused initially on a mobile-first platform to make investing approachable.

Expansion and Self-Clearing (2018–2021): In November 2018, Robinhood launched its self-clearing system, allowing it to clear and settle trades across stocks, ETFs, and options without relying on third-party clearing firms. This vertical integration provided greater control over operations and unit economics. The company went public in July 2021, listing its Class A common stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market.

Product Diversification and Profitability (2022–2024): In recent years, Robinhood has expanded its ecosystem significantly. It introduced retirement products, a credit card, and expanded cryptocurrency offerings.

• 2024 Milestone: For the first time in a full fiscal year, Robinhood generated positive GAAP net income ($1.41 billion), marking a pivotal turnaround from previous losses.
• Global Expansion: In 2024, the company began offering brokerage services in the United Kingdom and expanded crypto services in the European Union.
• Acquisitions: The company executed strategic acquisitions, including X1 (now Robinhood Credit) in 2023 and announced pending acquisitions of Bitstamp and TradePMR in 2024 to serve institutional and global markets.

Products and Services

Robinhood offers a comprehensive suite of financial products designed to serve the investment, spending, and saving needs of its customers.

Brokerage Services

• Investing: Customers can invest commission-free in U.S.-listed stocks, Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs), and American Depository Receipts (ADRs).
• Options Trading: Eligible customers can trade options commission-free. The platform supports basic (Level 2) and advanced (Level 3) strategies. In 2024, Index Options trading was launched.
• Fractional Trading: This feature allows customers to buy and sell fractions of a share, enabling diversified portfolios with as little as $1.
• Recurring Investments: Customers can automate purchases of equities and ETFs on a set schedule.
• Margin Investing: Eligible customers can borrow funds from Robinhood to increase their buying power.
• 24 Hour Market: Robinhood was the first U.S. broker to offer 24/5 trading for individual stocks and ETFs.
• Robinhood Retirement: The company offers Traditional and Roth IRAs with a unique match on eligible contributions (1% for standard, 3% for Gold members).
• Futures and Event Contracts: Launched in late 2024/early 2025, allowing customers to trade futures and speculate on specific event outcomes (e.g., elections).

Cryptocurrency

• Trading: Through Robinhood Crypto, LLC (RHC), customers can buy and sell cryptocurrencies commission-free. Supported assets include Bitcoin, Ethereum, Solana, and Dogecoin.
• Transfers: Customers can deposit and withdraw cryptocurrencies to and from their Robinhood accounts.
• Robinhood Wallet: A self-custody, Web3 wallet available in over 150 countries. It allows users to swap assets on networks like Ethereum, Bitcoin, and Solana without network fees on certain transactions.
• Robinhood Connect: A fiat-to-crypto on-ramp that allows developers to embed Robinhood’s trading engine into decentralized applications (dApps).

Robinhood Gold

A premium subscription service that costs a flat recurring monthly fee. Benefits include:

• Higher interest rates on uninvested cash (Cash Sweep).
• Bigger instant deposits (up to $50,000).
• 3% match on IRA contributions.
• First $1,000 of margin usage is interest-free.
• Access to Morningstar professional research and Nasdaq Level II market data.
• Reduced fees on instant withdrawals and lower contract fees for index options.

Spending and Payments

• Robinhood Gold Card: Issued by Coastal Community Bank, this credit card is exclusively for Gold subscribers. It offers no annual fees, no foreign transaction fees, and cash-back rewards redeemable in the brokerage account.
• Robinhood Cash Card: A debit card offering that allows customers to spend funds from their spending account.

Education and Media

• Robinhood Learn: An online hub of financial guides, tutorials, and a financial dictionary available to the public.
• Sherwood Media: A subsidiary dedicated to news and information about markets, economics, and technology. It produces “Snacks,” a digest of business news.

Brand Portfolio

Robinhood operates under several brand names catering to different aspects of the financial ecosystem.

Robinhood

The primary brand for the U.S. brokerage platform. It is synonymous with retail investing and mobile-first financial access. Revenue from equities and options trading falls under this brand umbrella.

Robinhood Crypto

The brand dedicated to cryptocurrency trading services. This brand contributed $626 million in transaction-based revenue in 2024. It operates through Robinhood Crypto, LLC in the US and Robinhood Europe, UAB in the EU.

Robinhood Gold

The premium subscription lifestyle brand. It represents the “membership” aspect of the platform, driving recurring revenue and deeper customer loyalty. This brand generated $109 million in subscription revenue in 2024.

Sherwood Media

The media and content arm of the company. It houses “Snacks” and other editorial offerings. It generates advertising revenue, contributing to the $26 million in “Other” revenues in 2024.

Robinhood Legend

A new desktop-based trading platform launched in Q4 2024, specifically targeting active traders. It features advanced charting and customizable layouts.

Geographical Presence

Robinhood is primarily a United States-based company but is actively executing a strategy for international expansion.

United States

• Operational Scope: Substantially all of Robinhood’s revenues and assets are attributed to or located in the United States. The company offers its full suite of brokerage, crypto, and retirement products here.
• Coverage: Full coverage across all 50 states, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.

United Kingdom

• Operational Scope: In 2024, Robinhood began offering brokerage services through Robinhood U.K. Ltd (RHUK).
• Services: Offerings include commission-free trading on U.S.-listed stocks, fractional shares, and 24 Hour Market. Options trading is planned for 2025.

European Union

• Operational Scope: Cryptocurrency trading is offered in select jurisdictions through Robinhood Europe, UAB (RHEU).
• Services: Eligible users can buy, sell, and hold cryptocurrencies. Staking and crypto transfers were also made available in 2024.

Asia-Pacific (APAC)

• Operational Scope: The company plans to open an office in Singapore to serve as its APAC headquarters, signaling future expansion into the region.

Financial Performance Analysis

Robinhood demonstrated robust financial performance in 2024, characterized by record revenues and a shift to profitability.

Consolidated Performance

• Total Net Revenues: Increased 58% year-over-year to $2.951 billion in 2024, up from $1.865 billion in 2023.
• Net Income: The company achieved net income of $1.411 billion in 2024, a dramatic turnaround from a net loss of $541 million in 2023.
• Adjusted EBITDA: This non-GAAP metric increased 167% to $1.43 billion in 2024, compared to $536 million in the prior year.
• Diluted EPS: Earnings per share was **$1.56** in 2024, compared to a loss of -$0.61 per share in 2023.

Multi-Year Trend Analysis

• Revenue Growth: Revenue has grown from $1.358 billion in 2022 to $2.951 billion in 2024, reflecting a compound growth trajectory driven by higher interest rates and increased trading volumes.
• Expense Management: Total operating expenses decreased from $2.401 billion in 2023 to $1.897 billion in 2024, highlighting the company’s focus on operational efficiency and a “lean and disciplined” culture.

Profit and Loss Analysis

Revenue Breakdown

• Transaction-Based Revenues: Increased 110% year-over-year to $1.647 billion. This surge was driven primarily by cryptocurrency revenue, which grew 364%, and options revenue, which grew 50%.
• Net Interest Revenues: Grew 19% to $1.109 billion. Growth was driven by higher securities lending and margin interest, despite headwinds from falling interest rates late in the year.
• Other Revenues: Increased 29% to $195 million, fueled by a 45% increase in Gold subscription revenue.

Expenses

• Brokerage and Transaction: Increased 12% to $164 million due to higher volumes and costs related to instant withdrawals.
• Technology and Development: Increased slightly by 2% to $818 million, reflecting continued investment in platform capacity and cloud infrastructure.
• Marketing: Jumped 123% to $272 million as the company aggressively invested in customer acquisition and brand marketing.
• General and Administrative: Decreased 61% to $455 million. The previous year (2023) included a significant one-time share-based compensation charge of $485 million related to a founder award cancellation.
• Share-Based Compensation (SBC): Total SBC expense decreased significantly by 65% to $304 million in 2024.

Margins and Ratios

• Operating Margin: The company achieved a positive operating income, with total revenues of $2.95 billion exceeding operating expenses of $1.90 billion.
• Effective Tax Rate: The effective tax rate was -32.6% in 2024, primarily due to a $369 million deferred tax benefit resulting from the release of a valuation allowance on deferred tax assets.

Balance Sheet Analysis

Assets

• Total Assets: Increased to $26.187 billion in 2024 from $17.624 billion in 2023.
• Cash and Cash Equivalents: Stood at $4.332 billion at the end of 2024.
• Receivables from Users: Increased significantly to $8.239 billion, largely due to higher margin utilization by customers.
• Segregated Cash: Cash segregated under federal regulations totaled $4.724 billion.

Liabilities

• Total Liabilities: Increased to $18.215 billion in 2024 from $10.928 billion in 2023.
• Payables to Users: Increased to $7.448 billion, reflecting funds on deposit and settled trades.
• Securities Loaned: Increased to $7.463 billion, driven by increased securities lending activity.

Equity

• Total Stockholders’ Equity: Grew to $7.972 billion in 2024, up from $6.696 billion in 2023, driven by retained earnings from net income.

Liquidity Position

Robinhood maintains a strong liquidity position with $4.33 billion in corporate cash and cash equivalents. The company believes its primary sources of liquidity are adequate to meet needs for the next 12 months.

Cash Flow Analysis

Operating Activities

• Net Cash Used: Operations used $157 million in cash in 2024. This was primarily due to a $4.59 billion increase in receivables from users (margin loans) and a $3.9 billion increase in securities loaned.
• Adjustments: Significant non-cash adjustments included a $369 million deferred tax benefit and $304 million in share-based compensation.

Investing Activities

• Net Cash Used: Investing activities used $148 million in 2024.
• Key Outflows: Purchases of credit card receivables ($748 million) and held-to-maturity investments ($556 million).
• Key Inflows: Proceeds from maturities of investments ($658 million) and collections of credit card receivables ($556 million).

Financing Activities

• Net Cash Used: Financing activities used $345 million in 2024.
• Share Repurchases: The company used $257 million to repurchase Class A common stock under its share repurchase program.
• Tax Payments: $244 million was used for taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards.

Board of Directors and Leadership Team

Board of Directors

• Vladimir Tenev: Chair of the Board and Chief Executive Officer. Co-Founder.
• Baiju Bhatt: Director. Founder and Chief Executive Officer of Aetherflux. Co-Founder of Robinhood.
• Paula Loop: Director. Retired Partner at PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP.
• Jonathan Rubinstein: Director. Former co-CEO of Bridgewater Associates.
• Meyer Malka: Director. Founder and Managing Partner at Ribbit Capital.
• Robert Zoellick: Director. Chair, Americas, Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited. Former President of the World Bank.
• Dara Treseder: Director. Chief Marketing Officer at Autodesk, Inc.
• Susan Segal: Director. President and CEO of Americas Society/Council of the Americas.
• Christopher Payne: Director. Advisor and Former President/COO of DoorDash.
• John Hegeman: Director. Chief Revenue Officer at Meta.

Leadership Team

• Vladimir Tenev: Chief Executive Officer and President.
• Jason Warnick: Chief Financial Officer.
• Daniel Gallagher: Chief Legal, Compliance, and Corporate Affairs Officer.
• Steven Quirk: Chief Brokerage Officer.
• Jeffrey Pinner: Chief Technology Officer.

Subsidiaries, Associates, Joint Ventures

Robinhood operates through several wholly-owned subsidiaries that facilitate its diverse business operations.

• Robinhood Financial LLC (RHF): A registered introducing broker-dealer. It is a primary revenue generator, handling customer accounts and trades.
• Robinhood Securities, LLC (RHS): A registered clearing broker-dealer. It clears and settles trades, earning revenue from securities lending and margin interest.
• Robinhood Crypto, LLC (RHC): Provides cryptocurrency trading services in the U.S. and custodies user assets. It contributed $626 million in transaction revenue in 2024.
• Robinhood Credit, Inc.: Offers credit card products. It was acquired as X1 Inc. in 2023.
• Robinhood Derivatives, LLC (RHD): A registered futures commission merchant facilitating futures and event contracts.
• Robinhood U.K. Ltd: Operates the brokerage business in the United Kingdom.
• Robinhood Europe, UAB: Operates the cryptocurrency business in the European Union.
• Robinhood Non-Custodial Ltd: A Cayman Islands subsidiary offering the self-custody Robinhood Wallet.
• Sherwood Media, LLC: The media subsidiary producing news content.

Physical Properties

Robinhood adopts a “Remote First” approach but maintains physical offices for specific operational needs.

• Headquarters: Located at 85 Willow Road, Menlo Park, California.
• Leasing: The company leases office facilities throughout the United States and globally for engineering, sales, marketing, and operations.
• Lease Commitments: Leases have expiration dates extending through 2033.
• Key Locations: Apart from Menlo Park, the company has significant office space in New York City, NY.
• Restructuring: In 2022, the company closed several offices as part of a restructuring to improve efficiency, reducing its real estate footprint.

Segment-Wise Performance

Since Robinhood reports as a single segment, performance is analyzed by revenue streams rather than autonomous business units.

• Cryptocurrency: This was the highest-performing revenue stream in terms of growth, surging 364% YoY in 2024. This growth was driven by a 77% increase in volume per trader and a 72% increase in active traders.
• Options: Continued to be a steady growth driver, up 50% YoY in 2024. This was supported by a 43% increase in contracts traded.
• Net Interest: Showed moderate growth of 19% YoY. While margin interest and cash sweep revenues grew, the segment faces headwinds from potential interest rate cuts.
• Equities: Rebounded with 70% YoY growth in 2024, driven by a 45% increase in notional trading volume per trader.

Founders

• Vladimir Tenev: Co-Founder and CEO. He has been critical to the development and execution of the business vision. He holds a B.S. in Mathematics from Stanford and an M.S. in Mathematics from UCLA.
• Baiju Bhatt: Co-Founder and Director. He previously served as co-CEO. He holds a B.S. in Physics from Stanford.

Voting Control: The founders hold all issued and outstanding shares of Class B common stock, which carry 10 votes per share. Collectively, Vladimir Tenev and Baiju Bhatt hold over 50% of the voting power of Robinhood’s outstanding capital stock, giving them significant control over company decisions.

Shareholding Pattern

• Class A Common Stock: 1 vote per share. Publicly traded on Nasdaq.
• Class B Common Stock: 10 votes per share. Held exclusively by founders and their affiliates.
• Class C Common Stock: No voting rights. No shares outstanding as of December 31, 2024.
• Institutional and Public: As of February 12, 2025, there were 81 stockholders of record for Class A stock, though many shares are held in street name by brokers.
• USMS Repurchase: In August 2023, Robinhood repurchased roughly 55 million shares of Class A stock from the United States Marshals Service (formerly seized from Emergent Fidelity Technologies) for $608 million.
• Share Repurchase Program: In May 2024, the Board approved a $1 billion repurchase program. As of December 31, 2024, $257 million had been utilized to repurchase shares.

Investments and Capital Expenditure Plans

• M&A Activity: Robinhood is actively pursuing growth through acquisitions.
  • Bitstamp: Agreement to acquire for $200 million in cash to expand global crypto presence. Expected close: H1 2025.
  • TradePMR: Agreement to acquire for roughly $300 million (cash + equity) to enter the wealth management space for Registered Investment Advisors. Expected close: H1 2025.
  • Marex: Asset acquisition in early 2024 for $3 million to support futures capabilities.
• Capital Expenditures: In 2024, net cash used for purchases of property, software, and equipment was $13 million, and capitalization of internally developed software was $37 million.
• Strategic Priorities: Investment is focused on international expansion, new product rollouts (Futures, Web3), and enhancing platform infrastructure to support 24/7 trading.

Future Strategy

Robinhood has outlined a three-pillar growth strategy to deepen its relationship with customers and expand its market addressable.

1. Win the Active Trader:
   • Goal: Become the #1 retail trading platform.
   • Initiatives: Launching Robinhood Legend (desktop platform), introducing Index Options and Futures, and improving execution quality and tools.
2. Increase Wallet Share:
   • Goal: Become the primary financial home for customers.
   • Initiatives: Expanding Robinhood Gold benefits (e.g., 3% IRA match, Gold Card), offering advisory services through the TradePMR acquisition, and incentivizing deposits (Net Deposits grew 49% in 2024).
3. Expand Internationally:
   • Goal: Build a global financial ecosystem.
   • Initiatives: Growing the brokerage offering in the U.K., expanding crypto services in the E.U., and establishing an APAC headquarters in Singapore.

Key Strengths

• Vertically Integrated Platform: Robinhood owns its clearing (RHS), crypto custody (RHC), and execution technology, allowing for faster innovation and better unit economics.
• Brand Power: A category-defining brand with high organic recognition, particularly among younger investors.
• Cost Efficiency: A “Lean and Disciplined” operating model that has successfully reduced operating expenses while growing revenue.
• User Experience: An intuitive, mobile-first design that lowers the barrier to entry for millions of new investors.
• Agility: Rapid product development cycles enabled by a proprietary “experiments infrastructure.”

Key Challenges and Risks

• Regulatory Scrutiny: The company faces ongoing investigations from the SEC, FINRA, and state regulators. Notably, RHC received a “Wells Notice” from the SEC in May 2024 regarding its crypto operations.
• Transaction-Based Revenue Reliance: A significant portion of revenue (56%) comes from transaction rebates (PFOF). Regulatory changes to PFOF or crypto rebates could materially impact profitability.
• Crypto Market Volatility: 21% of revenue is tied to crypto. The market is highly volatile, and regulatory uncertainty regarding whether specific assets are securities poses a risk.
• Interest Rate Sensitivity: 38% of revenue comes from net interest. A decline in interest rates (as seen with the Federal Reserve cuts in late 2024) negatively impacts this revenue stream.
• Cybersecurity: As a digital-first platform holding $192.9 billion in assets, Robinhood is a prime target for cyberattacks. A major breach could cause severe reputational and financial damage.

Conclusion and Strategic Outlook

Robinhood Markets, Inc. has successfully transitioned from a high-growth disruptor to a profitable, diversified financial services powerhouse. The fiscal year 2024 marked a turning point with $1.41 billion in net income and record revenues of $2.95 billion, validating its vertically integrated business model.

The company is no longer just a stock trading app; it is a multi-product ecosystem offering retirement, credit, crypto, and advanced derivatives. With a war chest of over $4 billion in cash and a clear strategy to target active traders and expand globally, Robinhood is positioned to capture a larger share of the global wealth market. However, its continued success will depend on navigating a complex regulatory landscape, particularly in cryptocurrency, and managing the cyclical nature of trading volumes and interest rates.

Official Site: https://robinhood.com/

FAQ Section

1. What was Robinhood’s total revenue in 2024? Robinhood reported total net revenues of $2.951 billion for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, representing a 58% increase year-over-year.

2. Is Robinhood profitable? Yes, Robinhood achieved full-year profitability in 2024, reporting a GAAP Net Income of $1.411 billion, compared to a net loss of $541 million in 2023.

3. How does Robinhood make money? Robinhood generates revenue primarily through three streams: Transaction-based revenues (routing orders to market makers), Net interest revenues (earning interest on margin loans and cash), and Other revenues (subscriptions like Robinhood Gold).

4. How many customers does Robinhood have? As of December 31, 2024, Robinhood had 25.2 million Funded Customers and 26.2 million Investment Accounts.

5. What is Robinhood’s Assets Under Custody (AUC)? Robinhood reported Assets Under Custody (AUC) of $192.9 billion at the end of 2024, an increase of 88% year-over-year.

6. Does Robinhood offer services outside the United States? Yes, Robinhood began offering brokerage services in the United Kingdom and cryptocurrency trading in the European Union in 2024. It also plans to open an APAC headquarters in Singapore.

7. What is Robinhood Gold? Robinhood Gold is a premium subscription service that generated $109 million in revenue in 2024. Benefits include higher interest on cash, larger instant deposits, and IRA matching contributions.

8. Who are the founders of Robinhood? Robinhood was founded by Vladimir Tenev and Baiju Bhatt. They maintain voting control of the company through Class B common stock.

Content is based on publicly available corporate filings, regulatory disclosures, annual reports, 10-K filings, Investor Relations materials, and direct mail communication with the company.