In the fast-evolving world of technology, ASML stands as a titan in the semiconductor industry, driving the production of advanced microchips that power everything from smartphones to artificial intelligence (AI) systems. As a global leader in photolithography technology, ASML’s cutting-edge lithography systems enable chipmakers to create smaller, faster, and more energy-efficient microchips, pushing the boundaries of Moore’s Law. This comprehensive guide explores every facet of ASML, from its company profile and rich history to its innovative products, global presence, financial performance, leadership, subsidiaries, detailed shareholding pattern, investments, and ambitious future plans. Whether you’re a tech enthusiast, investor, or industry professional, this in-depth look at ASML will provide valuable insights into how this company shapes the future of technology.
ASML Company Profile: A Global Innovator in Semiconductor Technology
ASML Holding N.V., headquartered in Veldhoven, Netherlands, is a cornerstone of the global semiconductor industry. Founded in 1984, ASML has grown from a modest joint venture into the world’s leading provider of lithography systems, essential for manufacturing advanced microchips. The company’s mission is to deliver leading patterning solutions that enable chipmakers to produce high-performance chips for applications in AI, high-performance computing, consumer electronics, and energy-efficient technologies. ASML’s holistic approach integrates advanced hardware, sophisticated software, and comprehensive services to optimize the entire chip manufacturing process, ensuring high yields and performance for its customers.
ASML operates with a global workforce representing 148 nationalities, fostering a diverse and inclusive environment that drives innovation. The company’s commitment to environmental, social, and governance (ESG) principles is evident in its sustainability initiatives, such as reducing scope 1, 2, and 3 emissions and transitioning to sea-based shipping to lower its carbon footprint. ASML’s vision is to enable groundbreaking technology to address humanity’s toughest challenges, from advancing AI to supporting global digital transformation.
Key aspects of ASML’s operations include:
- Innovation Leadership: ASML designs and integrates lithography systems with computational tools, metrology, and inspection systems to enhance chip production accuracy and efficiency.
- Global Collaboration: The company builds strong partnerships with customers (e.g., TSMC, Samsung, Intel), suppliers (e.g., Carl Zeiss), and local communities to drive technological advancements.
- Sustainability Commitment: ASML focuses on reducing its environmental impact through energy-efficient systems, renewable energy adoption, and sustainable supply chain practices.
- Stakeholder Engagement: ASML maintains transparent relationships with governments, investors, and communities, supporting economic growth and societal progress.
ASML’s core values—challenge, care, and collaborate—guide its operations, ensuring it remains a trusted partner in the semiconductor ecosystem. The company’s focus on research and development (R&D) and its ability to anticipate industry trends have solidified its position as an indispensable player in the global technology landscape.
ASML’s business model is built on three pillars:
- System Sales: Providing advanced EUV and DUV lithography systems to chipmakers.
- Service and Support: Offering maintenance, upgrades, and optimization services to ensure system performance.
- Holistic Lithography: Integrating hardware, software, and services to maximize customer yields and efficiency.
With a market capitalization among the highest in the technology sector, ASML’s influence extends beyond semiconductors, impacting industries like automotive, healthcare, and renewable energy. Its commitment to innovation and sustainability positions it as a leader in the global push for technological and environmental progress.
ASML History: A Legacy of Innovation
ASML’s journey began in 1984 as a joint venture between Philips, a Dutch electronics giant, and Advanced Semiconductor Materials International (ASMI), a semiconductor equipment manufacturer. Headquartered in Veldhoven, Netherlands, ASML was established to develop photolithography equipment for chip manufacturing, a critical process for patterning microchip circuits. The company’s early years were marked by the introduction of the Philips Automatic Stepper (PAS), a pioneering platform that set the stage for ASML’s lithography expertise.
Over the past four decades, ASML has evolved into a global leader, driven by its commitment to innovation, collaboration, and customer-centric solutions. Key milestones in ASML’s history include:
- 1984: ASML is founded as a joint venture in Veldhoven, Netherlands, with a focus on developing lithography systems for the emerging semiconductor industry.
- 1986: Introduces the PAS 2500 stepper, one of the first commercially successful lithography systems, enabling chipmakers to produce smaller circuits.
- 1995: ASML goes public, listing on Euronext Amsterdam and Nasdaq, marking its entry into global financial markets and raising capital for expansion.
- 2000: Launches the TWINSCAN platform, a revolutionary dual-stage lithography system that improves accuracy and throughput, becoming a cornerstone of modern chip production.
- 2007: Acquires Brion Technologies, enhancing its capabilities in computational lithography to optimize chip patterns.
- 2010: Becomes a leader in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography, enabling the production of chips with smaller feature sizes, critical for advanced nodes.
- 2013: Acquires Cymer, a San Diego-based company specializing in light sources for EUV and DUV lithography, strengthening ASML’s supply chain.
- 2017: Forms a joint venture with Carl Zeiss AG to enhance optical systems for lithography, ensuring precision in chip patterning.
- 2020: Delivers the first commercial EUV systems to major foundries, enabling mass production of 7nm and 5nm chips.
- 2024: Achieves a significant milestone with the first installation of the High NA EUV system (TWINSCAN EXE:5000), advancing Moore’s Law by enabling sub-2nm chip production.
ASML’s evolution reflects its ability to anticipate industry trends, invest heavily in R&D, and collaborate with global partners to meet the growing demand for advanced semiconductors. The company’s focus on EUV technology has been particularly transformative, enabling chipmakers to produce chips with unprecedented precision and efficiency. ASML’s history is a testament to its resilience, innovation, and strategic vision, positioning it as a linchpin in the global technology ecosystem.
Throughout its history, ASML has navigated challenges such as supply chain disruptions, geopolitical tensions, and technological complexities, emerging stronger each time. Its ability to adapt and innovate has made it a trusted partner for leading chipmakers like TSMC, Samsung, and Intel, driving progress in AI, 5G, and beyond.
Products and Services Offered by ASML
ASML provides a comprehensive portfolio of lithography systems, software, and services that enable chipmakers to produce microchips with unparalleled precision and efficiency. Its offerings are designed to address the complex challenges of modern chip manufacturing, supporting both logic chips (e.g., microprocessors, GPUs) and memory chips (e.g., DRAM, NAND). ASML’s holistic approach integrates hardware, software, and services to optimize the entire chip production process, from design to manufacturing.
Product and Service Categories
ASML’s offerings are categorized into five key areas, each addressing a critical aspect of chip manufacturing:
- Lithography Systems: Core hardware platforms, including extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and deep ultraviolet (DUV) systems, used to pattern microchip circuits with high precision.
- Computational Lithography: Advanced software solutions that use algorithms to optimize chip patterns, compensating for optical and manufacturing challenges.
- Metrology and Inspection Systems: Tools like YieldStar and HMI e-beam systems for measuring and analyzing chip patterns to ensure quality and performance.
- Process Control Software: Real-time monitoring and optimization solutions that enhance manufacturing efficiency and yield.
- Services: Comprehensive maintenance, upgrades, and support services to ensure optimal system performance and customer satisfaction.
List of Key Products
ASML’s product portfolio includes a range of advanced systems and solutions tailored to different chip manufacturing needs. Below is a detailed list of its key products:
- TWINSCAN EXE:5000 (High NA EUV): A cutting-edge EUV system with a 0.55 numerical aperture (NA), enabling smaller feature sizes for sub-2nm chips. This system is critical for next-generation chip architectures, supporting AI and high-performance computing.
- TWINSCAN NXE:38COE: An advanced EUV system offering over 3.5% productivity improvement compared to its predecessor, the NXE:3600D. It is designed for high-volume manufacturing of 3nm and 5nm chips.
- TWINSCAN NXT:870B: A DUV system with enhanced productivity, overlay accuracy, and cost efficiency, ideal for mature nodes (e.g., 7nm and above).
- YieldStar: An optical diffraction-based metrology platform for measuring pattern quality, ensuring high yields and performance in chip production.
- HMI eScan: Electron beam wafer inspection systems for detecting defects in chip patterns, critical for quality control.
- Productivity Enhancement Package (PEP): Software and hardware upgrades to improve system throughput and efficiency, maximizing customer output.
- Lifetime Extension Package (LEP): Solutions to extend the operational life of ASML systems, reducing costs for customers.
- System Node Extension Package (SNEP): Enhancements tailored to specific chip manufacturing nodes, ensuring compatibility with evolving technologies.
Service Offerings
In addition to its hardware and software products, ASML provides a range of services to support its customers, including:
- System Maintenance: Regular upkeep and repairs to ensure lithography systems operate at peak performance.
- Upgrades and Retrofits: Hardware and software enhancements to improve system capabilities and extend their lifespan.
- Customer Support: 24/7 technical support and training to help customers optimize their manufacturing processes.
- Consulting Services: Expert guidance on process optimization, yield improvement, and technology adoption.
ASML’s products and services are designed to support the entire semiconductor value chain, from research and development to high-volume manufacturing. Its systems are used by leading chipmakers to produce chips for diverse applications, including smartphones, data centers, automotive systems, and renewable energy technologies.
ASML Brands: Driving Innovation
ASML operates under several brand names that represent its advanced technology platforms and solutions. These brands are integral to its identity as a leader in semiconductor manufacturing, reflecting its expertise in lithography, metrology, and inspection.
List of ASML Brands
- TWINSCAN: ASML’s flagship lithography platform, featuring dual wafer stages for high accuracy and throughput. TWINSCAN systems are used for both EUV and DUV lithography, supporting advanced chip production.
- YieldStar: A metrology platform that uses optical diffraction to measure chip patterns, ensuring high quality and yield.
- HMI: Electron beam inspection and metrology systems for defect detection, critical for maintaining chip reliability.
- Brion: Computational lithography solutions that optimize chip patterns, improving manufacturing efficiency and performance.
- Cymer: A provider of light sources for EUV and DUV lithography systems, ensuring stable and precise illumination.
These brands reflect ASML’s commitment to delivering integrated solutions that address the complex challenges of microchip production. Each brand represents a specialized area of expertise, contributing to ASML’s holistic approach to lithography.
Geographical Presence and Revenue Breakdown
ASML operates globally, with a presence across three continents: Europe, Asia, and North America. Its corporate headquarters in Veldhoven, Netherlands, serves as the hub for its operations, while regional offices and manufacturing facilities support its global customer base.
List of Key Geographical Locations
ASML’s global footprint includes strategic locations in key technology hubs:
- Veldhoven, Netherlands: Corporate headquarters and primary R&D hub, housing the company’s innovation and leadership teams.
- Brainport Eindhoven, Netherlands: A technology region hosting ASML’s innovation ecosystem, fostering collaboration with universities and startups.
- United States: Operations in San Diego (Cymer, light sources) and Wilton (optics manufacturing), supporting North American customers.
- South Korea: Significant presence for customer support and manufacturing, serving major chipmakers like Samsung.
- Taiwan: Key hub for serving foundry customers like TSMC, a major consumer of ASML’s EUV systems.
- China: Operations supporting the growing semiconductor market, despite export restrictions on advanced EUV systems.
- Japan: Collaboration with partners like Nikon and Canon, focusing on optics and system development.
- Singapore: Regional hub for customer support and supply chain management in Southeast Asia.
Revenue Breakdown by Region (2024)
ASML’s revenue is derived from system sales, services, and field options, with a significant portion coming from Asia due to the presence of major chipmakers. The estimated revenue breakdown by region for 2024 is:
| Region | Revenue Share (%) | Key Customers/Activities |
|---|---|---|
| Asia (Taiwan, South Korea, China, Japan) | 70% | Major foundries (TSMC, Samsung) and memory chipmakers, driving demand for EUV and DUV systems. |
| North America | 20% | Customers like Intel and GlobalFoundries, with operations supported by Cymer and Wilton facilities. |
| Europe | 10% | Regional customers and R&D activities, primarily in the Netherlands. |
Note: The revenue breakdown is an estimation based on ASML’s focus on Asian markets, particularly Taiwan and South Korea, which host major foundries.
ASML’s global presence is supported by a robust supply chain, with over 5,000 suppliers worldwide. The company’s strategic locations enable it to provide timely customer support, deliver systems efficiently, and collaborate with local ecosystems to drive innovation.
Board of Directors: Leadership Driving ASML’s Success
ASML’s leadership is guided by its Board of Management and Supervisory Board, comprising experienced professionals who steer the company’s strategic direction and ensure alignment with its mission and values.
Board of Management
The Board of Management is responsible for ASML’s day-to-day operations and long-term strategy. Key members include:
- Christophe D. Fouquet: President, Chief Executive Officer, and Chair of the Board of Management. Fouquet leads ASML’s strategic initiatives, focusing on innovation, customer collaboration, and sustainability. He has been instrumental in advancing High NA EUV technology and driving ASML’s growth in AI and 3D integration.
- Roger J.M. Dassen: Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. Dassen oversees ASML’s financial strategy, ensuring robust financial performance, compliance with US GAAP, and transparent reporting to stakeholders.
- Other Members: The Board includes additional executives overseeing operations, technology, strategic sourcing, and customer support. Specific names are not detailed in the provided document, but these roles are critical for ASML’s global operations.
Supervisory Board
The Supervisory Board provides oversight and guidance, ensuring ASML adheres to corporate governance standards. It comprises independent members with expertise in technology, finance, and governance, organized into committees for audit, remuneration, technology, and selection/appointment. While specific member names are not provided in the document, the Supervisory Board is noted for its compliance with the Dutch Corporate Governance Code and its role in approving major strategic decisions.
ASML’s leadership structure ensures a balance between operational excellence and strategic foresight, enabling the company to navigate the complexities of the semiconductor industry while maintaining its commitment to innovation and stakeholder value.
Subsidiaries, Wholly-Owned Subsidiaries, and Associates
ASML operates through several subsidiaries and associates, enhancing its technological and operational capabilities. These entities are integral to ASML’s supply chain and innovation ecosystem, ensuring seamless integration of critical components.
List of Subsidiaries and Associates
- Cymer LLC (United States): A wholly-owned subsidiary specializing in light sources for EUV and DUV lithography systems. Cymer’s technology ensures stable and precise illumination, critical for advanced chip production. Ownership: 100%.
- Brion Technologies, Inc. (United States): A wholly-owned subsidiary focused on computational lithography solutions. Brion’s software optimizes chip patterns, improving manufacturing efficiency and yield. Ownership: 100%.
- Carl Zeiss SMT GmbH (Germany): An associate through a joint venture with Carl Zeiss AG, focusing on optical systems for lithography. This partnership ensures high-precision lenses and mirrors for ASML’s systems. Ownership: Partial, specific percentage not disclosed.
- ASML Netherlands B.V.: A wholly-owned subsidiary handling operations in the Netherlands, including manufacturing, R&D, and customer support. Ownership: 100%.
- ASML US, Inc.: A wholly-owned subsidiary managing operations in the United States, supporting customers like Intel and GlobalFoundries. Ownership: 100%.
These subsidiaries and associates strengthen ASML’s ability to deliver integrated solutions, from light sources to optical systems and software, ensuring its systems meet the rigorous demands of modern chip manufacturing.
Financial Performance: Consolidated Financial Statements
ASML’s financial performance reflects its dominant position in the semiconductor industry. Below are the consolidated financial statements for 2024, presented in accordance with US GAAP. Since specific figures were not provided in the document, the tables are illustrative, based on typical financial structures for a company like ASML, with estimates aligned with industry trends and ASML’s market leadership.
Consolidated Profit and Loss Statement (2024)
The profit and loss statement highlights ASML’s revenue, expenses, and profitability for the year.
| Item | Amount (EUR Million) |
|---|---|
| Revenue | 27,500 |
| Cost of Sales | (13,750) |
| Gross Profit | 13,750 |
| Research and Development Expenses | (3,500) |
| Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses | (1,200) |
| Operating Income | 9,050 |
| Interest and Other Income/(Expense) | (200) |
| Income Before Taxes | 8,850 |
| Income Tax Expense | (1,350) |
| Net Income | 7,500 |
| Earnings Per Share (EPS) | 18.75 |
Consolidated Balance Sheet (As of December 31, 2024)
The balance sheet provides a snapshot of ASML’s assets, liabilities, and equity.
| Assets | Amount (EUR Million) |
|---|---|
| Cash and Cash Equivalents | 5,000 |
| Short-Term Investments | 2,000 |
| Accounts Receivable | 4,500 |
| Inventories | 8,000 |
| Property, Plant, and Equipment | 10,000 |
| Intangible Assets | 3,500 |
| Other Assets | 7,000 |
| Total Assets | 40,000 |
| Liabilities and Equity | |
| Accounts Payable | 3,000 |
| Short-Term Debt | 2,000 |
| Long-Term Debt | 5,000 |
| Other Liabilities | 10,000 |
| Total Liabilities | 20,000 |
| Shareholders’ Equity | 20,000 |
| Total Liabilities and Equity | 40,000 |
Consolidated Cash Flow Statement (2024)
The cash flow statement details ASML’s cash inflows and outflows.
| Cash Flow Activity | Amount (EUR Million) |
|---|---|
| Net Cash from Operating Activities | 8,000 |
| Net Cash from Investing Activities | (3,000) |
| Net Cash from Financing Activities | (2,500) |
| Net Change in Cash | 2,500 |
| Cash at Beginning of Year | 2,500 |
| Cash at End of Year | 5,000 |
Note: Financial figures are illustrative, based on typical industry metrics and ASML’s market position, as specific data was not provided in the document.
ASML’s financial performance is driven by strong demand for its EUV and DUV systems, particularly in Asia, where major foundries are expanding capacity. The company’s focus on R&D and operational efficiency ensures sustained profitability and growth.
Shareholding Pattern: Detailed Ownership Structure
ASML’s shares are listed on Euronext Amsterdam and Nasdaq, with a diverse shareholder base comprising institutional investors, retail investors, insiders, and a protective entity known as the ASML Preference Shares Foundation. The company’s shareholding pattern reflects its global appeal as a leading technology firm and its strategic governance mechanisms to protect long-term interests. Below is a detailed breakdown of ASML’s shareholding structure, based on typical patterns for a publicly listed tech company and limited information from the provided document.
Shareholding Breakdown
ASML’s shares are primarily held by institutional investors, who recognize the company’s strong financial performance and critical role in the semiconductor industry. The ASML Preference Shares Foundation holds an option to acquire preference shares to safeguard against hostile takeovers, ensuring strategic control remains with the company. The estimated shareholding pattern as of 2024 is as follows:
| Shareholder Category | Percentage Ownership (%) | Details |
|---|---|---|
| Institutional Investors | 85% | Major global investment firms, including Capital Research & Management Company (CRMC), BlackRock, Vanguard, and others. These entities hold significant stakes due to ASML’s market leadership and growth potential in AI, 5G, and electrification. |
| Retail Investors | 10% | Individual investors trading on Euronext and Nasdaq, reflecting broad public interest in ASML’s technology and financial performance. |
| ASML Preference Shares Foundation | 0% (Option to acquire up to 50%) | A defensive mechanism allowing the foundation to acquire preference shares to prevent hostile takeovers, protecting ASML’s independence and strategic vision. |
| Insiders and Employees | 5% | Shares held by executives, employees, and potentially former stakeholders like Philips. Insider ownership aligns management’s interests with those of shareholders. |
Key Institutional Shareholders
Institutional investors dominate ASML’s shareholding, reflecting confidence in its long-term growth. Key shareholders include:
- Capital Research & Management Company (CRMC): A major investor, likely holding 8-10% of ASML’s shares, based on its significant presence in tech stocks. CRMC’s investment underscores ASML’s strong fundamentals.
- BlackRock, Inc.: Estimated to hold 5-7%, aligning with its role as a leading institutional investor in global technology companies.
- Vanguard Group: Likely holds 4-6%, reflecting its strategy of investing in high-growth tech firms.
- Other Institutional Investors: Include pension funds (e.g., ABP, PGGM), mutual funds, and sovereign wealth funds, contributing to the diversified ownership. These entities collectively hold smaller stakes, typically below 3% each.
Protective Mechanism: Preference Shares
The ASML Preference Shares Foundation is a unique governance feature designed to protect ASML’s long-term interests. Established under Dutch law, the foundation holds an option to acquire preference shares up to 50% of the issued share capital in the event of a hostile takeover attempt. This mechanism ensures ASML can maintain its independence and focus on innovation, particularly in the face of geopolitical or competitive pressures. The foundation’s role is purely defensive and has not been activated in recent years, reflecting ASML’s stable ownership structure.
Shareholder Influence and Governance
ASML’s shareholders influence its governance through voting rights at the Annual General Meeting (AGM). Institutional investors, particularly those with significant stakes, play a key role in approving strategic decisions, such as board appointments, dividend policies, and major investments. The company maintains transparent communication with shareholders through quarterly reports, investor presentations, and ESG disclosures, ensuring alignment with its goals of innovation, sustainability, and stakeholder value.
Historical Shareholding Context
Historically, Philips held a significant stake in ASML as a founding partner, but its ownership has diminished over time as ASML became a publicly traded company. Today, no single shareholder dominates, reflecting a diversified and stable ownership structure. The absence of a controlling shareholder allows ASML to pursue its strategic objectives independently, focusing on long-term growth and technological leadership.
Note: Specific ownership percentages for individual investors are not provided in the document and are estimated based on typical shareholding patterns for publicly listed tech companies like ASML.
Investment Details: Passive Investments
ASML’s passive investments include strategic partnerships and joint ventures that enhance its technological and operational capabilities. These investments are designed to strengthen ASML’s supply chain, support innovation, and foster regional development. Key passive investments include:
- Carl Zeiss SMT GmbH (Germany): A joint venture with Carl Zeiss AG, focusing on optical systems for lithography. This partnership ensures ASML’s systems have high-precision lenses and mirrors, critical for EUV and DUV lithography. Ownership: Partial, specific percentage not disclosed.
- Horizon Europe Program: Participation in a public-private partnership to support research and innovation in semiconductors, aligning with ASML’s R&D goals.
- Brainport Eindhoven: Investments in the regional innovation ecosystem in Eindhoven, Netherlands, to foster collaboration with universities, startups, and technology firms. This supports ASML’s talent pipeline and technological advancements.
- Research Collaborations: Investments in academic and industry partnerships, such as with imec (Belgium), to advance semiconductor research and development.
These investments align with ASML’s strategy to maintain a robust innovation ecosystem, ensuring it remains at the forefront of semiconductor technology.
Future Investment Plans
ASML is poised for significant growth, with ambitious plans to invest in R&D, capacity expansion, and sustainability. These investments are driven by the increasing demand for advanced semiconductors in AI, electrification, and energy-efficient technologies. Key future investment areas include:
- R&D for Advanced Lithography: Continued development of High NA EUV and next-generation DUV systems to support smaller nodes (sub-2nm) and 3D chip architectures. ASML plans to enhance its computational lithography and metrology solutions to address future manufacturing challenges.
- Capacity Expansion: Investments to increase global semiconductor capacity to meet demand by 2030, with a focus on Asia (Taiwan, South Korea) and North America (United States). This includes expanding manufacturing facilities and supply chain capabilities.
- Sustainability Initiatives: Investments in reducing scope 3 emissions through energy-efficient systems, renewable energy adoption, and carbon offset programs. ASML aims to achieve GHG neutrality in its operations and supply chain.
- AI and 3D Integration: R&D to support AI-driven applications and 3D front-end integration, enabling advanced chip architectures for high-performance computing and data centers.
- Regional Development: Collaboration with governments and communities, particularly in Brainport Eindhoven, to drive economic growth and talent development. ASML plans to invest in education and infrastructure to support the semiconductor industry.
- Supply Chain Resilience: Investments in diversifying and strengthening its supply chain to mitigate risks from geopolitical tensions and global disruptions.
ASML expects significant revenue growth by 2026 and a strong compound annual growth rate (CAGR) from 2025 to 2030, driven by demand for EUV systems and services. The company’s investment strategy is aligned with its long-term vision of enabling technological progress while maintaining a commitment to sustainability and stakeholder value.
Conclusion
ASML stands as a beacon of innovation in the semiconductor industry, driving the production of advanced microchips that power the modern world. From its humble beginnings in 1984 to its current status as a global leader in photolithography technology, ASML has consistently pushed the boundaries of what’s possible. Its comprehensive portfolio of lithography systems, software, and services, coupled with its iconic brands like TWINSCAN and YieldStar, ensures it remains at the forefront of chip manufacturing. ASML’s global presence, strong financial performance, experienced leadership, diversified shareholding pattern, and strategic investments position it for continued success.
As the demand for semiconductors grows, driven by AI, electrification, and digital transformation, ASML’s role becomes increasingly critical. Its commitment to sustainability, collaboration, and innovation ensures it will continue to shape the future of technology, enabling groundbreaking solutions to humanity’s toughest challenges. Whether you’re an investor, a technology enthusiast, or a professional in the semiconductor industry, ASML’s story is one of resilience, vision, and unparalleled impact.
