Nauyin Buƙatun | Farashi Cross Income

Ma'anar elasticity na buƙata yana nufin matakin amsa buƙatar mai kyau zuwa canji a cikin abubuwan da aka ƙayyade. Nauyin Buƙatun

Nauni na buƙata

Nauni na buƙata ya bambanta idan akwai kayayyaki daban-daban. Don kayayyaki iri ɗaya, elasticity na buƙata ya bambanta daga mutum zuwa mutum. Binciken elasticity na buƙatu bai iyakance ga elasticity na farashi kawai ba, haɓakar samun kudin shiga na buƙatu da elasticity na buƙata suma suna da mahimmanci a fahimta. Nauyin Buƙatun

Nau'o'in Nauyin Buƙatun

elasticity na buƙata galibi nau'ikan uku ne:

• Nauyin Farashin Buƙatar
• Tsare-tsare Tsari na Buƙatun
• Ƙunƙarar Buƙatar Shiga

Nauyin Farashin Buƙatar

Ƙimar farashin buƙatu tana nufin amsa buƙatar zuwa Canjin farashin kaya. Ana iya lura da cewa ƙimar farashin buƙatu yana da alama mara kyau saboda mummunan dangantaka tsakanin farashi da buƙata. Anan ga elasticity farashin dabarar buƙata.

Ƙididdigar ƙididdige ƙimar farashi shine:

Ed = Canji a Yawan da ake buƙata / Canji a Farashi

Farashin elasticity na dabarar buƙata.

Akwai nau'ikan elasticity na Buƙatu iri biyar dangane da girman martanin buƙatu ga canjin farashi:

• Daidaitaccen buƙata na roba
• Cikakkiyar buƙata mara ƙarfi
• Dangantakar buƙata ta roba
• Dangantakar buƙata mara ƙarfi
• Unitary roba bukatar

Daidaitaccen buƙatu na roba: An ce buƙatar tana da ƙarfi sosai lokacin da canji maras muhimmanci a farashi ya kai ga canji mara iyaka a adadin da ake buƙata. Ƙananan faɗuwar farashin yana haifar da buƙatar haɓaka mara iyaka.

• (Ed = Infinity)

Haka kuma hauhawar farashin da ba ta da mahimmanci yana rage buƙatu zuwa sifili. Wannan shari'ar tana da ka'ida ce wacce ƙila ba za a same ta a zahiri ba. Matsakaicin buƙatun a cikin irin wannan yanayin yana daidai da axis X. Yawanci, elasticity na buƙata an ce ya yi daidai da rashin iyaka.

Cikakkiyar buƙatu mara ƙarfi: An ce buƙatu ba ta da ƙarfi lokacin da canjin farashi bai haifar da wani canji a adadin da ake buƙata na kaya ba. A cikin irin wannan yanayin adadin da ake buƙata ya kasance akai-akai ba tare da la'akari da canjin farashi ba.

• (Ed = 0)

Adadin da ake buƙata gabaɗaya baya amsa ga canjin farashi. Matsakaicin buƙatu a cikin irin wannan yanayin yana daidai da axis Y. A lambobi, elasticity na buƙata an ce ya yi daidai da sifili.

Bukatun na roba: Bukatar ta fi ƙarfin ƙarfi lokacin da ƙaramin canji a farashin ke haifar da babban canji a adadin da ake buƙata. A irin wannan yanayin madaidaicin canjin farashin kaya yana haifar da fiye da madaidaicin canjin adadin da ake buƙata.

• (Ed> 1)

Misali: Idan farashin ya canza da 10% adadin da ake buƙata na kayan ya canza da fiye da 10%. Matsakaicin buƙatu a cikin irin wannan yanayin yana da ɗan faɗi. Yawanci, elasticity na buƙata an ce ya fi 1.

Bukatun da bai dace ba: Yanayi ne inda babban canji a farashin ke haifar da ƙaramin canji a cikin adadin da ake buƙata. An ce buƙatu ba ta da ƙarfi lokacin da daidaitaccen canjin farashin kaya ya haifar da ƙasa da madaidaicin canji na adadin da ake buƙata.

• (Ed< 1)

Misali: Idan farashin ya canza da kashi 20% ana buƙatar canje-canje da ƙasa da 20%. Matsakaicin buƙatu a cikin irin wannan yanayin ya fi tsayi. Yawanci, elasticity na buƙata an ce bai kai 1 ba.

Bukatar roba ta Unitary: An ce buƙatu na roba ne na ɗaya lokacin da canjin farashin ya haifar da daidai adadin canjin kashi ɗaya cikin adadin da ake buƙata na kaya. A cikin irin wannan yanayin canjin kashi a duka farashin da adadin da ake buƙata iri ɗaya ne.

• (Ed = 1)

Misali: Idan farashin ya faɗi da kashi 25%, adadin da ake buƙata shima ya haura da 25%. Yana ɗaukar siffar hyperbola rectangular. Yawanci, elasticity na buƙata an ce ya yi daidai da 1.

Tsare-tsare Tsari na Buƙatun

Canjin buƙatar x mai kyau don amsa canjin farashin mai kyau y ana kiransa 'lasticity elasticity of demand'. Anan akwai elasticity na farashin tsarin buƙatu. Ma'auninsa shine

Ed = Canji a Adadin da ake buƙata na Kyakkyawan X / Canji a Farashin Mai Kyau Y

Cross price elasticity na bukatar dabara

• Ƙimar farashin giciye na iya zama marar iyaka ko sifili.
• Ƙimar farashin giciye yana da inganci mara iyaka idan akwai cikakkun madogara.
• Ƙimar farashin giciye yana da kyau idan canjin farashin Y mai kyau ya haifar da canji a cikin adadin da ake buƙata na X mai kyau a cikin wannan hanya. Koyaushe lamarin ya kasance tare da kayayyaki waɗanda ke maye gurbinsu.
• Ƙimar farashin giciye ba daidai ba ne idan canjin farashin Y mai kyau yana haifar da canji a cikin adadin da ake buƙata na X mai kyau a cikin kishiyar shugabanci. Koyaushe abin ya kasance da kayan da ke da alaƙa da juna.
• Ƙimar farashin giciye ba shi da sifili, idan canjin farashin mai kyau Y bai shafi adadin da ake buƙata na mai kyau X ba.

Girke-girke elasticity na bukatar karshen bukatar.

Ƙunƙarar Buƙatar Shiga

Lalacewar Buƙatar Kuɗin Shiga A cewar Stonier da Hague: "Ƙarfin kuɗin shiga na buƙatu yana nuna hanyar da mabukaci ke siyan duk wani sauye-sauye masu kyau sakamakon canjin kuɗin shigarsa."

Ƙarƙashin Ƙarfafa Buƙatar Kuɗi yana nuna jin daɗin sayan mabukaci na wani ƙayyadaddun kayayyaki zuwa canjin kuɗin shiga. Ƙirƙirar kuɗin shiga na buƙatu yana nufin rabon canjin kashi a cikin adadin da ake buƙata zuwa canjin kashi cikin kudin shiga. Anan ne Ƙarfafan Samar da Ƙimar Neman Ƙirar Buƙatu

Ƙimar Ƙarfafa Ƙirar Buƙatu.

Ey = Canjin Kashi na Adadin da ake nema na Kyakkyawan X / Canjin Kashi na Gaskiya na Mabukaci

Ƙarƙashin Ƙarfafa Buƙatar Kuɗi abin lura ne cewa alamar elasticity na buƙatar samun kudin shiga yana da alaƙa da yanayin mai kyau da ake tambaya.

Kaya na al'ada: Kayayyakin na yau da kullun suna da ingantaccen elasticity na buƙatu don haka yadda kuɗin shiga na masu amfani ke ƙaruwa, buƙatu kuma yana ƙaruwa.

Abubuwan bukatu na yau da kullun suna da haɓakar samun kudin shiga na buƙata tsakanin 0 da 1. Misali, idan samun kuɗin shiga ya karu da 10% kuma buƙatar sabbin 'ya'yan itace ya karu da 4%, to, ƙarfin samun kudin shiga shine + 0.4. Bukatu yana karuwa ƙasa da daidai gwargwadon kudin shiga.

Luxuries suna da elasticity na samun kudin shiga na bukatar sama da 1, Ed>1.i Buƙatun ya haura da fiye da canjin kaso na kudin shiga. Misali, karuwar kashi 8% na kudin shiga na iya haifar da hauhawar 16% a cikin bukatar abincin gidan abinci. Ƙimar samun kudin shiga na buƙata a cikin wannan misali shine +2. Bukatu tana da yawa
m ga canje-canjen samun kudin shiga.

Ƙananan kaya: Ƙananan kaya suna da ƙarancin samun kudin shiga na buƙatu. Buƙatu na faɗuwa yayin da samun kuɗin shiga ke ƙaruwa. Misali, yayin da kudaden shiga ya karu, bukatu na hatsi masu inganci ya hau kan nau'in hatsi marasa inganci.